Phone Jam Manual:

THE PHONE JAM

ANOMALY COMPANY

2001-PJ

OWNERS MANUAL

ANOMALY COMPANY

• email: pjinfo@phone-jam.com

Table of Contents

ANOMALY COMPANY FCC COMPLIANCE INFORMATION

USER’S GUIDE

1. This equipment complies with Part 15 and Part 68 of the FCC Rules. On the outside surface of this equipment is a label that contains, among other information, the Facility Interface Code (FIC) and Service Order Code (SOC) and FCC registration number. This information must be provided to the telephone company.

2. An FCC-compliant telephone and modular plug is provided with this equipment. This equipment is designed to be connected to the telephone network or premises wiring using a compatible modular jack, which is Part 68 Compliant. See installation instructions for details.

3. If this equipment causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone company will notify you in advance that temporary discontinuance of service may be required. But, if advance notice is not practical, the telephone company will notify the customer as soon as possible. Also, you will be advised of your right to file a complaint with the FCC if you believe it is necessary.

4. The telephone company may make changes in its facilities, equipment, operations, or procedures that could affect the operation of the equipment. If this happens, the telephone company will provide advance notice in order for you to make necessary modifications in order to maintain uninterrupted service.

This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part

15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if installed and used in accordance with the instruction, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.

If this device does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Connect the computer into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the grantee of this device could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

6. If trouble is experienced with the PHONE JAM, please contact ANOMALY COMPANY or licensees. Unauthorized repairs void registration and warranty.

7. No repairs are to be made by you. Repairs are to be made only by ANOMALY COMPANY or its licensees. Unauthorized repairs void registration and warranty.

8. It is recommended that the customer use a surge arrestor. Telephone companies report that electrical surges, typically lightning transients, are very destructive to customer terminal equipment connected to AC power sources. This has been identified as a major nationwide problem.

9. This equipment cannot be used on public coin service provided by the telephone company. Connection to Party Line Service is subject to state tariffs. (Contact the state public utility commission, public service commission or corporation commission for information).

Quality Control Manager Signature Date

Safety Instructions______________________________

1. READ INSTRUCTIONS - All the safety and operating instructions should be read before this Anomaly Co. product (Phone Jam model # 2001) is operated.

2. HEED WARNINGS – All warnings on this Anomaly Co. product and in these operating instructions should be followed and adhered to.

3. Retain Instructions – The safety and operating instructions should be retained and kept for future use.

4. Follow Instructions – All operating and use instruction should be followed.

5. Water and moisture – This Anomaly Co. product should not be used near water - for example, near a bathtub, washbowl, kitchen sink, laundry, in a wet basement, near a swimming pool, swamp, outside in the rain, etc.

6. Heat – This Anomaly Co. product should be situated away from heat sources such as radiators, heat registers, stoves, or other appliances (including amplifiers) that produce heat.

7. Damage – Take care not to drop your Phone Jam unit as this can lead to severe damage. ANOMALY assumes no liability for any damage caused by user.

Attention! High Volume! – This is a professional mixing board and as such has a

regulations of the trade association responsible. Anomaly, as the manufacturer, is

therefore obliged too expressly point out possible health risk arising from use : when

pressure exceeding 85 dB (A). 85dB (A) is the sound pressure corresponding to the

maximum permissible volume, which is by law (in some countries), allowed to affect

your hearing for the duration of a working day. It is used as a basis according to the

specifications of industrial medicine. Higher volumes or longer duration’s can damage your hearing. At higher volumes, the duration must be shortened to prevent damage. The following are sure signs that you have been subjected to excessive noise for too long a time: You can hear ringing or whistling noise in your ears! You have the impression (even for only a short period) that you can no longer hear high

10. VENTILATION – The appliance should be situated so that its location or position does not interfere with its proper ventilation, for example, the Phone Jam should not be used on a bed, sofa, rug, or similar surface that blocks airflow.

OBJECT AND LIQUID ENTRY – Care should be taken so that objects do not fall and liquids are not spilled into the enclosure of this Anomaly product.

INTRODUCTION______________________________

Thank you for purchasing your Phone Jam. We hope that you’ll enjoy using it as much as we have! We also hope that the Phone Jam can be a tool to enhance your creativity and interaction with other musicians. Please feel free to contact us with any interesting stories with regard to using the Phone Jam. We would eventually like to post these on our website.

For any additional information or problems, please call us or send us an e-mail.

A lot of you probably would want to skip this portion of the manual and will want to go straight to using this product, so we’ve created a chapter titled “Quick Start.”

THE PHONE JAM IS………_____________________

The PHONE JAM is the marriage of an audio studio and the telephone. Unlike the computer, the phone does not need a computer modem. Due to the fact that the Phone Jam transmits and receives analog information, it is therefore not limited to the speed of a modem or how powerful or expensive the computer is. The patented expanded bandwidth design of the circuits in the Phone Jam allows for the highest quality audio achievable, giving rise to endless possibilities for collaboration. This is a new tool, a new way of communicating and there is no limit to how it may be used.

The PHONE JAM was created for users to plug in unlimited pieces of audio gear, including a PA system or stereo console for use as a monitor. The unit is rack mountable, the size of pro-audio gear, comes with five (5) 1/4' jacks, one (1) microphone plug, RCA jacks for speakers, a standard headphone jack, a headset jack and three (3) telephone line input / outputs.

These features make it possible to utilize the PHONE JAM over your standard telephone line with any audio gear, instruments or even a stereo system if you need to send pre-recorded information to another party.

IMAGINE: Musicians (professionals and amateurs), Music Teachers, Music Students, Public and Private Schools, Songwriters, Voice Over Artists and Music Entertainment Professionals enjoying one simple device. It's a device that simply enables people to communicate and transmit audio information simultaneously via a simple phone line, without having to travel anywhere and obtaining the same results as being in the same room together.

Owners of the PHONE JAM know that time is valuable. We have come to a conclusion that most individuals would prefer to stay physically rooted in their own home/studio/office environments while obtaining the same benefits as going to a band rehearsal. It will now be possible to audition other musicians for new projects, learn new compositions and learn how to play an instrument, demo audio via a studio, or even be able to send voice over samples / dubs to an individual or corporation.

Although recent funding for music and the arts have been cut in federal school budgets, the PHONE JAM offers a way for students to learn music outside of the classroom yet still under the instruction of a professional without holding a traditional class. This can also be used as a music 'homework hotline' tool, allowing music students to call in with problems for additional assistance and tutoring.

The additional service offered to students and teachers to supplement music lessons and rehearsals is a real benefit for student / teacher relationships. Consider teachers who have always wanted to teach at school or in a private setting, but have never had a classroom or office space to work out of. Our company is providing them with a tool of convenience that will allow them to teach without having to rent a space or crowd students into a home. It also allows for a more private environment.

The Anomaly Co. is a group of inspired music lovers, engineers and musicians, that feel this product has been a long desired component. A timely convergence of technology has now allowed this product to be brought to the public.

Music professionals currently have a couple of choices when it comes to rehearsing and recording or transmitting audio. They can go to a very expensive studio that will charge them an exorbitant fee to record audio, which is then transmitted to another party via special modem lines, or, for a cheaper rate, they can record the material at a home studio and then send the material to another party via overnight services or via messenger if located in the same city. Once the other party screens the material, they can then schedule numerous rehearsals by getting together in a rented rehearsal hall to practice the material.

The PHONE JAM® circumvents this time consuming process. Its a new and innovative means to communicate the same audio, only saving the consumer money and time by being able to cut through various steps, bypassing rehearsal hall and studio rentals. Anomaly Co. is meeting the emerging market need for a convenient and reasonably priced audio unit which will provide a wide range of services. The expertise and experience of all partners assure prospective customers that their needs will be met with a quality product. Please e-mail us for pricing and additional information.

As a result, the PHONE JAM® is the first of its kind. An affordable and original interactive music communication device, connecting the public without the need for any special phone lines or having to be in a professional recording studio in order to send audio long distances.

PHONE JAM - it's the music communication network of the future. For more information, contact the Anomaly Company fax: (818) 739-9825.

QUICK START_________________

2.) A way to listen to your Phone Jam. Headphones (not included in kit) or stereo, monitoring system, PA, etc. The multi-media headset that’s included with your Phone Jam, can only be used to initiate a call and used as a telephone headset. This headset can not be used as your monitoring system.

3.) Microphone. First a telephone call is placed with the multi-media headset using the Phone Jam as a telephone, once the connection has been made with the other party you must switch over to the Phone Jam circuitry that allows you to transmit and receive audio. Once you switch over to audio, it will be necessary for you to use a microphone in order for you to communicate with the other party, for you will no longer be able to use the multi-media headset. We recommend you use a mic stand. Hand held microphones tend to create unwanted noise and a stand allows you to be hands free. Always check your microphone cord to make sure that you have a good, solid, static free connection. Also keep your microphone cord and other cords away from other power sources and electronic devices that will cause electromagnetic interference.

STEP 1

POWER SUPPLY. Connect the male 3-Pin mini DIN power supply plug (fig A) to the female power jack on the back of the Phone Jam labeled 12V AC. (Fig B) *MAKE THIS CONNECTION BEFORE PLUGGING THE POWER SUPPLY INTO THE WALL!

STEP 2

TELEPHONE LINE. Plug in one end of the telephone cord to your telephone wall jack by using the telephone cord that was provided (you can use any length that you need if the one included isn’t sufficient). Plug the other end of the telephone cord into the back of the Phone Jam phone jack labeled PHONE LINE 1 (IN). FIG C

LEVEL SETTING PROCEDURE A – SOUND CHECK

It’s not necessary to be making a Phone Jam call to initially set the levels. But of course, the unit must be plugged in and operating. For simplicity I will use an example of a microphone as an input device, but the procedure works for any instrument or output of any audio device.

Plug in your headphones or if you’re using another type of monitor system, connect it to the output section (refer to Output Section).

The LED readout labeled Input Signal and Incoming Signal (FIG. L) can be used to help you set your levels. “Clipping” is a term used in audio that describes distortion, which we do not want! When the signal is clipping, the red lights are on. BACK OFF! Since this information is being sent over the telephone, we were striving to enable the user to transmit a signal that was as distortion free as possible, but if you clip it (go into the red), your signal is going to be distorted and not a good distorted. The preferred method is to keep the lights in the highest level of green and to increase the gain by which you’re monitoring it by the use of the headphone volume or the monitoring system that you’re using. Don’t try to increase the volume of you’re headphones or monitoring device by increasing the input levels.

Play something into the selected input. This can be an instrument; a singing or a speaking voice, or line input such as CD player or tape recorder. Be sure that the volume of the input is the same as it would be during normal use. If you overdrive the INPUTS, you’re bound to get distortion as with any soundboard.

Adjust the trim control so that the LED reads up to the highest green light (FIG. L) and at loudest intervals goes into the yellow. Depending upon the size of the source of the input signal, you use the trim and volume controls together to arrive at a strong input signal for the Phone Jam. If it’s necessary to adjust the trim control beyond 7 to achieve a high enough LED readout, and then slowly increase the volume control of the same channel until you reach the desired level. The volume control of the channel is actually just another amplifier.

LEVEL SETTING PROCEDURE B - AFTER THE CONNECTION IS MADE____________

You will need to set the level of the Incoming Signal, which is the person you are jamming with. This can prove to be tricky. You need to mix your instrument or voice to blend in with the person(s) you are having the session with.

Assuming that each party has gone through the level setting procedure sound check, you should be fairly close to a good balance.

The INCOMING SIGNAL VOLUME (FIG. J) controls the volume of audio you’re receiving. It works in conjunction with the row of Volume and EQ knobs labeled INCOMING SIGNAL (FIG. K). It may be a little confusing that there are two INCOMING SIGNAL VOLUMES, but really it’s the same as the Trim and Volume controls on the other 3 Channels.

If the Incoming Signal Volume is turned up past the point of distortion, an oscillation may occur. The system will go into an overload. If this happens you can’t miss it! The LED’s will be flashing several times per second and possibly a loud noise may occur. Don’t freak out. Just turn the Incoming Signal Volume down to Zero. The oscillation should stop. Then slowly turn it back up to a desirable volume. Remember, if you want louder volume overall, simply turn up the Headphone Volume or the Monitor Control.

Feel free to use whatever effects and processors you normal use to obtain your particular sound. Simply connect the Output of your chain of effects to the Input of one of the PHONE JAM channels.

It’s not necessary to use a microphone pre-amp, but doing so could warm up the sound especially if you use a tube pre-amp. If you have access to one of these I highly recommend that you try it. That also goes for any type of device you use to enhance the audio.

RECOMMENDED SETTINGS – See Exhibit A for recommended Startup settings for sending Pre-Recorded Audio

RECOMMENDED SETTINGS – See Exhibit B for recommended Startup settings for sending Live Instrument Audio

EXPANDED BANDWIDTH - Using 2 telephone lines

Follow STEP 2 in the Quick Start portion of the manual, except plug one end of the telephone cord into PHONE LINE 2 of the PHONE JAM and the other end into your second telephone line, as well as having a separate line plugged into LINE 1.

Follow the Quick Start setup and the Level Setting Procedure Sound Check and the Level Setting Procedure After the Connection is Made.

While the PHONE JAM CONNECT Line 1 is engaged, press the LINE 2 button until the light comes on and then dial the 2^nd phone number of the party you’re connecting with. Their LINE 2 on the PHONE JAM will ring and when they answer, you will have established the second line connection. Now, all of you must switch over to the EXPANDED BANDWIDTH CONNECTION by pressing the EXPANDED BANDWIDTH CONNECT button, located below the LINE 2 button.

The EXPANDED BANDWIDTH SIGNAL VOLUME controls the level of the higher frequencies you are receiving (FIG.J). The level is analogous to perfume. A little bit is good but too much is overwhelming. It’s not necessary to turn this knob up past about 4 or 5.

3-WAY CALLING

You can link numerous parties by utilizing 3-Way Calling with the PHONE JAM. Simply follow the same rules that you would on a normal telephone in order to connect additional people.

Whether using one line or two to send and receive audio to your friends, go through the same procedure, by connecting one party first and then quickly pressing down on either the LINE 1 or LINE 2 button (works just like a switchhook) located on the top panel of the PHONE JAM, and you will hear the same dial tone you hear when activating 3-Way calling from a regular telephone.

Then dial the additional person you want to connect by using our keypad and when the party responds, simply depress the LINE 1 or LINE 2 button again and everyone should be there on a 3-Way Call. You can link numerous parties by having others in your group utilize their 3-Way Calling in the same manner.

NOTE: Please note that you must have the 3-Way Calling feature activated by your phone company in order to utilize this process for linking others.

ADDITIONAL OUTS - IMPORTANT INFORMATION!

OUTPUT IN REAR PANEL

This 1/4” output located in the rear panel of the PHONE JAM labeled STEREO OUT (FIG. M) can be used for various gear including your monitor or playback system. This is a stereo female jack. One side is the local output signal from the mixing section of your PHONE JAM. The other side is the incoming audio signal. This allows you, for example, to run the output of the local signal to one channel of another audio board and the output of the incoming signal to the input of another channel.

FOR THE BEST AUDIO RESULTS …

For the best results when mixing the incoming audio with the local audio that you are transmitting, or in other terms the local and distance signal, is to utilize the 1/4” jack labeled STEREO OUT, located on the back panel of your PHONE JAM. You can input the local and distant audio signals directly into separate channels of your mixing board or any audio system that has at least 2 separate inputs and volume controls and/or EQ. IT IS OF THE HIGHEST IMPORTANCE TO BALANCE THESE TWO SIGNALS! The same problems arise when mixing, blending and balancing music with two or more contributors to a live composition. When you listen to a CD or hear music of any kind live or recorded, more than likely, there has been as much time spent mixing and balancing the audio as writing, recording and performing it. In the studio the person or persons behind the mixing board can make or break the recording. How many times have you heard live music performed by good musicians, only to think to yourself “gee these guys suck.” More than likely, something has gone wrong somewhere from the point of getting the audio from the instrument into the board and then balanced with the other instruments .

When using the PHONE JAM these difficulties are doubled and if jamming with a third or forth party tripled or – well you get the idea. So … what have we learned from all of this?

WHEN POSSIBLE, USE THE 1/4” JACK LABLED STEREO OUT LOCATED ON THE BACK PANEL!

This output will give you the most separation of the incoming audio and the audio you are generating. Plug in a stereo male to two mono female 1/4 stereo Y adapter jack into the stereo out jack on the back of your PHONE JAM, then from the two female jacks on the Y adapter plug two patch cord’s into two separate channels of what ever mixing board you chose. You can also purchase a cord that has a male stereo jack on one end and two mono jacks on the other. Now you have what you play or send in one separate channel and the audio you are receiving on another channel. You can mix and record the two channels in any fashion you prefer. You can use your effects and sound processors for example, and I find that a compressor feed in through the effects loops greatly enhances the incoming portion of the audio. Note also, that even though the two signals coming from the stereo out of the PHONE JAM are mono signals, when they are inputted into the other mixing board they are split into stereo.

You can have basically the same benefit of separation by using headphones plugged into this same 1/4” stereo out jack – IF the headphones you are using have left and right volume controls. When using headphones from this jack you will hear local audio on one side of the phones and the distance audio on the other side.

The same is true if you have a home stereo unit with a left and right volume or balance control as your playback/monitor system. You can then adjust your stereo to level out the incoming and outgoing signals as well.

This phone jack input located on the rear panel of the PHONE JAM labeled OUT / PHONE LINE 1 (FIG. M) can be used for an answering machine or any other additional phone device that you would normally have hooked up in your home. Just plug the device straight into the center jack and it will respond just as it would if you had it attached to your regular telephone.

PHONE JAM

The Phone Jam unit uses one or two “POTS lines” (Plain Old Telephone Service) which are also known as standard or “analog” type telephone lines. Each POTS line is limited to a frequency range of approximately 300 Hz to 3400 Hz (0.3 kHz to 3.4 kHz). This gives you some low and some mid-range frequencies, which work well for voice audio. (For a more detailed explanation see the sections on How the Telephone/ Telephone System Works).

The uniqueness of the Phone Jam unit comes from it’s ability to transmit and receive audio signals with a greater bandwidth then is normally possible by using two POTS lines.

To do this it takes a broadband audio signal and breaks it into two smaller bands.

One band is up to about 3400 Hz or 3.4 k Hz and the second is from about 3800 Hz or 3.8 k Hz and up.

The low frequency signal (300 Hz to 3400 Hz or 0.3 kHz to 3.4kHz) is sent and received when the full bandwidth audio signal is sent directly over phone line 1. (So if you use just phone line 1 to send and receive audio information, you will be limited to approximately the 300 Hz to 3400 Hz bandwidth).

The higher frequency signal (3800 Hz or 3.8 kHz and up) is divided down to a frequency bandwidth which enables us to send it over a POTS line (phone line 2) and at the other end it is multiplied back up to the higher frequency signal again.

When you use this expanded bandwidth feature the Phone-Jam unit will take both telephone lines (1 and 2) and combine them for a single output on the receiving ends of each unit.

Your bandwidth now starts from approximately 300 Hz (0.3 kHz) and runs to about 7200 Hz (7.2 kHz); in other words we have about doubled the bandwidth in which you can send and receive an audio signal.

Operational sections of the Phone Jam are the phone interface circuits (identical for both lines), a microprocessor to scan the keys and control the digital functions of the boards, the power supply, and the main audio board.

The main audio/ mixer board has 3 input audio channels, (which enables the user to “ plug-in” a wide range of audio equipment), the phone line audio channel and the headphone audio circuits. Each of the channels has gain controls and EQ controls.

The gain controls are so that their levels can be set as desired. The Low EQ controls the low pass gain/cut of the channel and the High EQ control sets the high pass gain/cut.

The phone interface circuit (or “hybrid circuit”) takes a bi-directional signal line from the phone company on one side of the blocking transformer and gives unidirectional input and output signal lines where the signal from the phone line can, to some extent, be sent to the phone line and received from the phone line independent from each other; or simply put, a full-duplex mode of operation.

The microprocessor performs several duties. These are scanning the keys to select a phone line, transfer a line to operating with audio from the board, making the touch tone signals for the dialing numbers on the phone, operating the relays to connect the phone line, and operating the analog gate switches on the board to route signals in the correct directions on the board.

The power supply takes a center tapped AC voltage and turns it into +/- 12 VDC and +/- 5 VDC to use for the amplifiers and other circuits on the various boards.

How the Telephone works…

A telephone uses an electric current to convey sound information from your home to home or business to business. When you are talking on the telephone, the telephone company is sending a steady electric current through both telephones. The two telephones are sharing this steady current and when you talk into your telephone’s microphone, the current that your telephone draws from the telephone company fluctuates up and down. These fluctuations are directly related to the air pressure fluctuations that are the sound of your voice at the microphone.

Because the telephones are sharing the total current, any change in the current through your telephone causes a change in current through the other telephone.

So, when you talk, the current through the other telephone fluctuates. A speaker in that telephone responds to these current fluctuations by compressing and rarefying the air. The resulting air pressure fluctuations reproduces the sound of your voice. Although the nature of the telephones and the circuit connecting them have changed radically in the past few decades, the telephone system still functions in a manner that at least simulates this behavior.

Each subscriber telephone is connected to a central office that contains switching equipment, signaling equipment, and batteries that generate 48 Volts DC that supplies the direct current to operate the telephone in the manner described above. Each phone is connected to the central office through a local loop of two wires called a wire pair. One of the wires is called T (for tip) and the other is called R (for ring) which refers to the tip and ring parts of the plug used in the early manual switchboards.

When the handset of the telephone is resting in its cradle, the weight of the handset holds the switchhook buttons down and the switches are open. This is called the on-hook condition. The circuit between the telephone handset and the central office is open or non-operational; however the ringer circuit in the telephone is always connected to the central office.

When the handset is removed from its cradle, the spring loaded buttons come up and the switchhook closes. This completes the circuit to the exchange and current flows in the circuit. This is called the off-hook condition. (The on-hook, off-hook and hang-up terms came from the early days of the telephone, when the receiver was separate from the transmitter and hung on the switchhook when not in use) The off-hook signal tells the exchange that someone wants to make a call. The exchange or central office returns a dial tone to the called phone to let the caller know that the exchange is ready to accept a telephone number.

When your telephone is in an on-hook state the “TIP” is at about 0 volts, while “RING” is about –48 volts with respect to earth ground. When you go off-hook, and current is drawn, TIP goes negative and RING goes less negative. A typical off-hook condition is TIP at about – 20 volts and RING at about – 28 volts. This means that there is about 8 volts between the wires going to the telephone in normal operating conditions. The DC-resistance of typical telephone equipment is in the 200-300 ohm range and the current flowing through the telephone is in the 20 – 50 mA range.

(The –48VDC voltage was selected because it was enough to get through kilometers of thin telephone wire and still low enough to be safe. –48 VDC is also easy to generate from normal lead acid batteries [4 x 12V car batteries in series]).

Batteries are needed in the telephone central to make sure that it operates when the main voltage is cut and they also give a very stable output voltage which is needed for reliable operation of all the circuits in the central office.

(The line feeding voltage was selected to be negative to make the electrochemical reactions on the wet telephone lines to be less harmful. When the wires are at a negative potential when compared to the ground, the metal ions go from the ground to the wire instead of the situation where the positive voltage would cause metal from the wire to leave and thus cause quick corrosion.)

Echoed Speech

Full Duplex is a term used to describe a communications channel which is capable of both receiving and sending information simultaneously.

Telephone sets (ordinary analog ones) have only two wires, which carry both speaker and microphone signals. The signal path between two telephones, involving a call other than a local one, requires amplification using a four wire circuit. The cost and cabling required ruled out the idea of running a four wire circuit to the subscriber’s premises from the local exchange and an alternative solution had to be found. Hence, the four wire trunk circuits were converted to two wire local cabling; using a device called a “hybrid”.

In theory the hybrid circuit can separate all incoming audio from the audio sent out at the same time (full-duplex mode) if all the impedances in the circuitry (hybrids on both ends and the wire impedance in between) are well matched. Unfortunately, the hybrid is by its very nature a “leaky” device. As voice signals pass from the four wire to the two wire portion of the network, the higher energy level in the four wire section is also reflected back on itself, creating the echo speech. Another source of echoed back audio could be caused by acoustic feedback, which can be generated from the feedback from the speaker to microphone in the handset or acoustic echo in hands-free (or speaker) phones.

Distortion

The principle function of the transmitter (or microphone) is to produce an electrical output waveform that is shaped like the input speech waveform. This output is called an analog signal since the transmitter’s (or microphone’s) electrical output is an analog of (similar to) the acoustic input. Any difference between the waveforms is called distortion.

The most obvious distortion in the telephone system is the “flattening” quality given to the voice. Some of the distortion is due to the type of transmitter (or microphone) that’s being used and some is due to the limited bandwidth of the phone line.

It stands to reason that the better the transmitter or microphone that’s being used the less distortion will be introduced into the system and the better sound quality you will end up with at the receiving end.

The Telephone System

The telephone network is composed of a number of centralized locations, called switching offices, where the telephone conversation carried on one circuit is switched, or connected, to another circuit. The three major types of switching offices are local, tandem, and toll. The local office is the closet to the telephone station and connects directly to the local loop. A tandem office serves a cluster of local offices. Toll offices, or toll centers are involved in the switching of “telephone traffic” over long-distance, or toll circuits.

As the telephone connections extends from the calling phone, it proceeds over the local loop to the first exchange or central office (This local network usually serves an area of about 12 square miles in urban locations to 130 square miles for rural areas. More then one central office is often required for a serving area in urban areas, but one central office is usually sufficient in rural areas. An average wire center in an urban area will serve 41,000 subscriber lines and 5,000 trunks.).

As the local area networks grew to cover the increase of telephone subscribers, more central offices were created with dedicated lines called trunks to interconnect the offices. As the growth continued, special switching offices, called tandem offices, were developed to handle the switching of interoffice calls involving trunks between local offices.

Extended switching systems were developed to serve long-distance and toll circuits between distant cities.

The exchange area network is an intermediate between the local network and the long-haul network.

Exchanges are interconnected with the exchange area transmission systems. These systems may consist of open wire pairs on poles, wire pairs in cables, microwave radio links, and fiber optic cables. The exchange area network normally interconnects local exchanges and tandem exchanges. A tandem exchange is to the central offices as a central office is to the subscriber telephone sets.

The long-distance network is made up mostly of fiber optic cables with satellite and microwave links used in situations where optical fiber installation is not practical or economical.

Now a days, when a subscriber makes a long-distance call, the central office converts the analog signal to digital using a technique called sampling in which the state of the analog signal is captured about 8,000 times per second. (With a sampling rate of 8,000 times per second, the absolute, theoretical limit [with perfect filters] of the bandwidth for the analog signal is to 4 kHz. The system control signals, which are sent along with the analog signals and the not so perfect filters now, brings down the useable audio bandwidth to about 3.0 kHz.) This digital signal is routed or “switched” along the long-distance network, being regenerated as needed. Each regeneration produces an exact copy of the original digital signal, so no information is lost. When the destination central office receives the digital data signal, it reverses the sampling process and transmits the resulting analog signal to the receiving subscriber. Many local telephone companies are converting to digital switching, even for local calls.

1. To be protected by the warranty, the buyer must contact us via email and then complete and return the enclosed warranty form within 14 days of purchase date.

2. ANOMALY COMPANY warrants the mechanical and electrical components of the PHONE JAM to be free of defects in material and workmanship for a period of (1) year from original date of purchase, in accordance with the warranty information described below. If the product shows any defects within the specified warranty period that are not due to normal wear and tear or improper handling by the user, ANOMALY COMPANY shall at its sole discretion, either repair or replace the product.

If the warranty claim proves to be justified, the product will be returned to the customer all freight paid.

3. During normal business hours, the customer or retail outlet where the product was

purchased, must make contact with ANOMALY COMPANY before returning the product. All inquiries must be accompanied by a full description of the problem and at that point, ANOMALY COMPANY will issue an authorization number.

The PHONE JAM must be returned in its original shipping carton accompanied by the authorization number and purchase information.

4. Warranty services will be furnished only if a copy of the original invoice or sales receipt accompanies the product.

5. If the product needs to be modified or adapted in order to comply with applicable technical or safety standards on a national or local level, in any country which is not the country for which the product was originally developed and manufactured, this modification/adaptation, irrespective of whether it was carried out properly or not. Under the terms of this warranty, ANOMALY COMPANY shall not be held responsible for any cost resulting from such a modification/adaptation.

6. Free inspections and maintenance or repair work are excluded from this warranty, in particular, if caused by improper handling of the product by the user.

This also applies to defects caused by normal wear and tear, in particular, of potentiometers, keys, buttons and similar parts.

7. Damages or defects caused by the following conditions are not covered by our warranty:

a. Misuse, neglect or failure to operate the unit in compliance with the instructions given in the manual.

b. Connection or operation of the unit in any way that does not comply with the technical or safety regulations applicable in the country where the product is used.

10. The customer will incur all expenses on product which do not meet the terms of

with a separate invoice for freight and packing. These costs will also be invoiced separately when the customer has sent in the written repair order.

not entitle the customer to claim (consequential) damages. In no event shall the

13. This warranty does not exclude or limit the customer’s statutory rights provided

by national law, in particular, any such rights against the seller that arise from a

14. The warranty rules mentioned herein are applicable unless they constitute an

The information within this manual is subject to change without notice. Please check our website for any updates. No part of this manual may be reproduced and/or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including recording, photocopying or scanning of any kind, for any purpose, without the express written permission of the ANOMALY COMPANY.